Publicación:
Marco Ágil para dinamizar las prácticas de Innovación en las Pymes del Sector TI de la ciudad de Medellín

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dc.contributor.advisorRendón García, Jeronimo
dc.contributor.authorYepes Ardila, Valentina
dc.contributor.corporatenameInstitución Universitaria ITM
dc.contributor.juryRíos Echeverri, Diana Carolina
dc.contributor.juryGómez Viquez, Hortensia
dc.contributor.juryUribe Gómez, Julian Alberto
dc.coverage.temporalColombia
dc.date.accessioned2026-05-21T19:46:52Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.description.abstractEl sector de Tecnologías de la Información (TI) es altamente competitivo y requiere la aplicación de prácticas ágiles debido a la rápida evolución tecnológica y la demanda constante de innovación y responder eficientemente a los cambios del mercado y mejorar la adaptabilidad de los equipos. La innovación es crucial para la competitividad y el crecimiento sostenible de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) en este sector. Medellín ha sido considerada una de las ciudades más importantes para la inversión en TI, por lo que es fundamental que las organizaciones de este sector respondan a las demandas de la rápida evolución tecnológica. Diversos estudios recomiendan la implementación de marcos de trabajo ágiles para superar estos desafíos y mejorar las prácticas de innovación. Los antecedentes teóricos revelan la existencia de múltiples marcos ágiles orientados a la entrega de valor mediante diversas metodologías adaptadas a las necesidades específicas de cada compañía. Asimismo, se identifican modelos de innovación que sirven como guías para estructurar y optimizar el proceso. En este contexto, el objetivo general de esta investigación es proponer un marco ágil orientado a dinamizar las prácticas de innovación como mecanismo de competitividad para las pymes del sector TI en la ciudad de Medellín. Para lograr este objetivo, se plantea una metodología cualitativa de alcance exploratorio-descriptivo. Además, se propuso cuatro fases de investigación: 1. Identificar características clave. 2. Analizar las etapas del agilismo. 3. Diseñar un marco eficaz que se adapte a las dinámicas del sector TI en Medellín. 4. Validar esta propuesta mediante las percepciones y observaciones de expertos de la industria TI. Los hallazgos del estudio evidenciaron la identificación de características recurrentes como la satisfacción del cliente, la promoción de la colaboración entre equipos y partes interesadas, la resolución eficiente de problemas, el fomento de la innovación y la agilidad en los procesos. También se caracterizaron las etapas más comunes, como el desarrollo, prueba y validación, implementación, ideación, evaluación, planificación, identificación de requisitos y diseño. Con base en estos hallazgos teóricos, obtenidos a partir de una revisión de literatura, se plantea una propuesta de marco ágil para dinamizar las prácticas de innovación en las pymes del sector TI de Medellín, compuesta de tres fases, etapas, características y generalidades. Esta propuesta fue validada por 10 expertos en el área, quienes hicieron recomendaciones de mejora y permitieron presentar una propuesta final orientada a generar un valor estratégico para las organizaciones.spa
dc.description.degreelevelMaestría
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Gestión de la Innovación Tecnológica, Cooperación y Desarrollo Regional
dc.description.tableofcontentsLISTA DE FIGURAS .................................................................................................................... 10 LISTA DE TABLAS ...................................................................................................................... 11 GLOSARIO .................................................................................................................................... 12 INTRODUCCIÓN ......................................................................................................................... 13 PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA ..................................................................................... 16 Antecedentes ................................................................................................................................ 19 Justificación ................................................................................................................................. 22 Preguntas de Investigación ........................................................................................................... 26 OBJETIVOS ................................................................................................................................... 27 Objetivo General .......................................................................................................................... 27 Objetivos Específicos ................................................................................................................... 27 CAPÍTULO 1: MARCO TEÓRICO ............................................................................................ 28 1.1. Contexto sector TI ............................................................................................................ 29 1.2. Prácticas de agilismo e innovación .................................................................................. 30 1.3. Conceptos básicos de agilismo ......................................................................................... 32 1.4. Metodologías agiles ......................................................................................................... 34 1.5. Marcos agiles ................................................................................................................... 35 1.5.1. Kanban ..................................................................................................................... 36 1.5.2. Extreme Programming (XP) .................................................................................... 37 1.5.3. Feature-Driven Development (FDD) ....................................................................... 39 1.5.4. Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM) .................................................. 40 1.5.5. Crystal ...................................................................................................................... 41 1.5.6. SCRUM .................................................................................................................... 42 1.6. Concepto de Innovación y modelos de innovación .......................................................... 44 1.6.1. Modelos lineales....................................................................................................... 45 1.6.2. Modelos por etapas .................................................................................................. 47 1.6.3. Modelos interactivos o mixtos ................................................................................. 47 1.6.4. Modelos integrados .................................................................................................. 48 1.6.5. Modelo en red .......................................................................................................... 49 1.6.6. Modelo de Gestión de Procesos de Innovación ....................................................... 51 1.6.7. Modelo de desarrollo Stage-Gate ............................................................................. 51 1.6.8. Modelo de etapa y puerta con innovación abierta .................................................... 53 1.6.9. Modelo lean startup .................................................................................................. 53 CAPÍTULO 2: MARCO METODOLÓGICO ............................................................................ 56 2.1. Fase 1 Identificación ........................................................................................................ 57 2.1.1. Identificación............................................................................................................ 58 2.1.2. Selección .................................................................................................................. 60 2.1.3. Elegibilidad .............................................................................................................. 60 2.1.4. Inclusión ................................................................................................................... 61 2.2. Fase 2 Caracterización ..................................................................................................... 62 2.3. Fase 3 Propuesta ............................................................................................................... 62 2.4. Fase 4 Validación ............................................................................................................. 63 CAPÍTULO 3: ANÁLISIS DE RESULTADOS FASE DE IDENTIFICACIÓN ..................... 66 3.1. Introducción ..................................................................................................................... 66 3.2. Resultados ........................................................................................................................ 68 3.2.1. Análisis de marcos ágiles y modelos de innovación más recurrentes ...................... 69 3.2.2. Análisis de características de las metodologías agiles ............................................. 71 CAPÍTULO 4: ANÁLISIS DE RESULTADOS FASE DE CARACTERIZACIÓN ............... 75 4.1. Análisis de las etapas de métodos y metodologías más recurrentes ................................. 75 4.2. Discusión .......................................................................................................................... 77 4.3. Conclusiones .................................................................................................................... 80 CAPÍTULO 5: ANÁLISIS DE RESULADOS FASE DE PROPUESTA .................................. 82 5.1. Introducción .......................................................................................................................... 82 Análisis de mercado ................................................................................................................. 83 Necesidades del cliente ............................................................................................................ 84 Análisis de viabilidad ............................................................................................................... 85 Ideación .................................................................................................................................... 87 Identificación de requisitos y diseño ........................................................................................ 88 Creación y desarrollo de prototipos ......................................................................................... 90 Fijación de precios ................................................................................................................... 92 Estimación de ahorros (optimización) ..................................................................................... 93 Prueba y validación .................................................................................................................. 94 Desarrollo e implementación .................................................................................................. 95 Lanzamiento ............................................................................................................................. 97 Aceptación ............................................................................................................................... 99 5.3. Propuesta inicial del marco de agilismo para dinamizar las prácticas de innovación .... 100 CAPÍTULO 6: ANÁLISIS DE RESULADOS FASE DE VALIDACIÓN .............................. 105 6.1. Resultados ...................................................................................................................... 107 6.1.1. Fases del marco propuesto ..................................................................................... 107 6.1.2. Etapas del marco propuesto ................................................................................... 109 6.1.3. Generalidades del marco propuesto ....................................................................... 118 6.1.4. Visualización del marco propuesto ........................................................................ 123 7. Conclusiones y recomendaciones ........................................................................................ 126 7.1. Conclusiones .................................................................................................................. 126 7.2. Recomendaciones ........................................................................................................... 128 Referencias .................................................................................................................................... 130 Anexo A. Información completa de los estudios seleccionados para el análisis ..................... 161 Anexo B. Información sobre los expertos de la fase de validación .......................................... 175 Anexo C. Consentimiento informado de los expertos de la fase de validación ....................... 180spa
dc.format.extent182 páginas
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameinstname:Institución Universitaria ITMspa
dc.identifier.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional Institución Universitaria ITMspa
dc.identifier.repourlrepourl:https://repositorio.itm.edu.cospa
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12622/8107
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherInstitución Universitaria ITM
dc.publisher.branchCampus Fraternidad
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ingenierías
dc.publisher.placeMedellín
dc.publisher.programMaestría en Gestión de la Innovación Tecnológica, Cooperacion y Desarrollo Regional
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc650 - Gerencia y servicios auxiliares::658 - Gerencia general
dc.subject.ocde5. Ciencias Sociales::5B. Economía y Negocios
dc.subject.odsODS 8: Trabajo decente y crecimiento económico. Promover el crecimiento económico sostenido, inclusivo y sostenible, el empleo pleno y productivo y el trabajo decente para todos
dc.subject.odsODS 12: Producción y consumo responsables. Garantizar modalidades de consumo y producción sostenibles
dc.subject.otherInnovaciones
dc.subject.otherPymes
dc.subject.otherEstrategia empresarial
dc.subject.otherTecnología de la información
dc.subject.otherMejoramiento continuo
dc.subject.proposalInnovaciónspa
dc.subject.proposalAgilismospa
dc.subject.proposalPymesspa
dc.subject.proposalMetodologías agilesspa
dc.subject.proposalModelos de innovaciónspa
dc.subject.proposalPrácticas de innovaciónspa
dc.titleMarco Ágil para dinamizar las prácticas de Innovación en las Pymes del Sector TI de la ciudad de Medellínspa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dspace.entity.typePublication

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Maestría en Gestión de la Innovación Tecnológica, Cooperación y Desarrollo Regional