Occurrence, Environmental Risk, and Treatment of Erythromycin in Water: A Systematic Study and Meta-analysis

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dc.creatorHerrera Arteaga, Lyan Ernedis
dc.creatorRubio-Clemente, Ainhoa
dc.creatorRodríguez Loaiza, Diana Catalina
dc.date2026-04-10
dc.descriptionErythromycin (ERY) is an antibiotic widely used to treat infectious diseases in animals and humans. However, its presence in water can have effects on health and the environment. The objective of this study was to analyze globally reported ERY concentrations in water, the risks these concentrations pose to aquatic organisms and antimicrobial resistance, and the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) used to remove this emerging contaminant from water. The methodology consisted of an exploratory-descriptive systematic study and a critical meta-analysis in the study area. The results showed that the ERY concentrations found in different countries ranged from 0.2 ng/L to 252824 ng/L. It was determined that 40.74% of the maximum reported concentrations represent a high ecological risk to aquatic organisms, while 25.93% represent a potential risk of antimicrobial resistance. As an alternative to this global problem, AOPs such as the nickel ferrite photocatalyst incorporated into chitosan, and photo-electro-Fenton, electro-Fenton, and oxalic acid-assisted photo-electro-Fenton systems have been used, achieving removals close to 100% of the initial dose of ERY in the studied water. However, it is concluded that the degradation by-products, as well as the technical, economic, and environmental viability of these advanced treatments, and their potential for deactivating bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes, should be further analyzed considering a future scale-up.en-US
dc.descriptionLa eritromicina (ERI) es un antibiótico usado ampliamente para tratar enfermedades infecciosas en animales y seres humanos. Sin embargo, su presencia en el agua puede tener efectos sobre la salud y el ambiente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las concentraciones de ERI en el agua reportadas a nivel mundial, los riesgos que estas concentraciones representan para los organismos acuáticos y la resistencia antimicrobiana, así como los procesos de oxidación avanzada (POA) empleados para eliminar este contaminante emergente del agua. La metodología utilizada consistió en la realización de un estudio sistemático de tipo exploratorio-descriptivo y un metaanálisis crítico en el área de estudio. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que las concentraciones de ERI encontradas en distintos países oscilaron entre 0.2 ng/L y 252824 ng/L. Se determinó que el 40.74 % de las concentraciones máximas reportadas representan un alto riesgo ecológico para los organismos acuáticos, mientras que el 25.93 % representa un riesgo potencial de resistencia antimicrobiana. Como alternativa a esta problemática global, se han empleado POA como el fotocatalizador de ferrita de níquel incorporado en quitosano, y los sistemas foto-electro-Fenton, electro-Fenton y foto-electro-Fenton asistido con ácido oxálico, logrando eliminaciones cercanas al 100 % de la dosis inicial de ERI en el agua estudiada. No obstante, se concluye que deben analizarse más detalladamente los subproductos de degradación, así como la viabilidad técnica, económica y ambiental de estos tratamientos avanzados, y el potencial de desactivación de bacterias y genes de resistencia antimicrobiana, con fines de escalado posterior.es-ES
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dc.identifierhttps://revistas.itm.edu.co/index.php/tecnologicas/article/view/3448
dc.identifier10.22430/22565337.3448
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherInstituto Tecnológico Metropolitano (ITM)en-US
dc.relationhttps://revistas.itm.edu.co/index.php/tecnologicas/article/view/3448/4021
dc.relationhttps://revistas.itm.edu.co/index.php/tecnologicas/article/view/3448/4131
dc.relationhttps://revistas.itm.edu.co/index.php/tecnologicas/article/view/3448/4132
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dc.rightsCopyright (c) 2026 TecnoLógicasen-US
dc.rightshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0en-US
dc.sourceTecnoLógicas; Vol. 29 No. 65 (2026); e3448en-US
dc.sourceTecnoLógicas; Vol. 29 Núm. 65 (2026); e3448es-ES
dc.source2256-5337
dc.source0123-7799
dc.subjectoxidación avanzadaes-ES
dc.subjectantibióticoes-ES
dc.subjectresistencia antimicrobianaes-ES
dc.subjectriesgo ecológicoes-ES
dc.subjectcontaminante emergentees-ES
dc.subjectadvanced oxidationen-US
dc.subjectantibioticen-US
dc.subjectantimicrobial resistanceen-US
dc.subjectecological risken-US
dc.subjectemerging pollutanten-US
dc.titleOccurrence, Environmental Risk, and Treatment of Erythromycin in Water: A Systematic Study and Meta-analysisen-US
dc.titlePresencia, riesgo ambiental y tratamiento de la eritromicina en el agua: estudio sistemático y metaanálisises-ES
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.typeReview Articleen-US
dc.typeArtículos de revisiónes-ES

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