Obtaining Chitosan Hydrogels with Mechanical Stability for Application in Cultivation Soils and as a Substrate in Seed Germination

dc.creatorChávez-Huerta, Adrián
dc.creatorAcevedo, Sabrina
dc.creatorLuzardo, Enmanuel
dc.creatorAntúnez, Ingrid
dc.creatorGalbán, Gabriel
dc.creatorMuñoz, María
dc.date2026-07-30
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-31T06:30:17Z
dc.descriptionBiopolymer-based hydrogels represent a sustainable alternative to mitigate the impact of water stress in contemporary agriculture. To evaluate their potential, this research addressed the synthesis, structural characterization, and agronomic performance of chitosan hydrogels cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (1%, 2.5%, and 5% v/v) as a soil amendment and germination substrate. Methodologically, the formation of imine-type bonds (1637.88 cm⁻¹) was confirmed via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR spectroscopy), implementing a fragmentation and chemical sealing technique by secondary immersion to optimize the mechanical stability of the hydrogel, and the effects of which were statistically validated using a two-way ANOVA. The results demonstrated a significant interaction between the three-dimensional network density and water diffusion. The 1% v/v formulation maximized water swelling (838%), whereas the 5% v/v formulation restricted it (305%). Agronomically, the incorporation of hydrogel into xerophilous soils for Carica papaya cultivation increased moisture retention by 82% and raised the cation exchange capacity to 2.18 meq/100 g at 60 days. Furthermore, it functioned as an autonomous hydroponic support for Phaseolus vulgaris, Lens culinaris, Solanum tuberosum, and Allium sativum. Finally, it was determined that, under extreme water stress conditions, the hydrogel acts as an efficient water and nutritional buffer that prolongs the life cycles of seedlings between 28 and 77 days before manifesting foliar chlorosis, consolidating itself as a viable amendment to optimize soil productivity and fertility in arid regions.en-US
dc.descriptionLos hidrogeles basados en biopolímeros representan una alternativa sustentable para mitigar el impacto del estrés hídrico en la agricultura contemporánea. Con el objetivo de evaluar su potencial, esta investigación abordó la síntesis, caracterización estructural y desempeño agronómico de hidrogeles de quitosano entrecruzados con glutaraldehído (1 %, 2,5 % y 5 % v/v) como enmienda edáfica y sustrato de germinación. Metodológicamente, mediante espectroscopía de infrarrojos (FTIR, por sus siglas en inglés) se confirmó la formación de enlaces tipo imina (1637,88 cm⁻¹), implementando una técnica de fragmentación y sellado químico por inmersión secundaria para optimizar la estabilidad mecánica del hidrogel, y cuyos efectos se validaron estadísticamente mediante un ANOVA de dos vías. Los resultados demostraron una interacción significativa entre la densidad de la red tridimensional y la difusión de agua. La formulación al 1 % v/v maximizó el hinchamiento hídrico (838 %), mientras que la de 5 % v/v lo restringió (305 %). Agronómicamente, la incorporación del hidrogel en suelos xerófilos para el cultivo de Carica papaya incrementó la retención de humedad en un 82 % y elevó la capacidad de intercambio catiónico a 2,18 meq/100 g a los 60 días. Asimismo, funcionó como soporte hidropónico autónomo para Phaseolus vulgaris, Lens culinaris, Solanum tuberosum y Allium sativum. Finalmente, se determinó que, bajo condiciones de estrés hídrico extremo, el hidrogel actúa como un amortiguador hídrico y nutricional eficiente que prolonga los ciclos vitales de las plántulas entre 28 y 77 días antes de manifestar clorosis foliar, consolidándose como una enmienda viable para optimizar la productividad y fertilidad edáfica en regiones áridas.es-ES
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.identifierhttps://revistas.itm.edu.co/index.php/tecnologicas/article/view/3638
dc.identifier10.22430/22565337.3638
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12622/8197
dc.languagespa
dc.publisherInstituto Tecnológico Metropolitano (ITM)en-US
dc.relationhttps://revistas.itm.edu.co/index.php/tecnologicas/article/view/3638/4193
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dc.rightsCopyright (c) 2026 TecnoLógicasen-US
dc.rightshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0en-US
dc.sourceTecnoLógicas; Vol. 29 No. 66 (2026); e3638en-US
dc.sourceTecnoLógicas; Vol. 29 Núm. 66 (2026); e3638es-ES
dc.source2256-5337
dc.source0123-7799
dc.subjectestabilidad mecánicaes-ES
dc.subjectgerminación de semillases-ES
dc.subjecthidrogeles de quitosanoes-ES
dc.subjectquitosano entrecruzadoes-ES
dc.subjectsustratoes-ES
dc.subjectmechanical stabilityen-US
dc.subjectseed germinationen-US
dc.subjectchitosan hydrogelsen-US
dc.subjectcross-linked chitosanen-US
dc.subjectsubstrateen-US
dc.titleObtaining Chitosan Hydrogels with Mechanical Stability for Application in Cultivation Soils and as a Substrate in Seed Germinationen-US
dc.titleObtención de hidrogeles de quitosano con estabilidad mecánica para su aplicación en suelos de cultivo y como sustrato en la germinación de semillases-ES
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.typeResearch Papersen-US
dc.typeArtículos de investigaciónes-ES

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