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Development of a microwave-based biosensor to detect anti-p53 antibodies as a biomarker for early detection of colorectal cancer

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dc.contributor.advisorReyes Vera, Erick Estefen
dc.contributor.advisorOrozco Holguín, Jahir
dc.contributor.authorMontoya Villada, Sebastian
dc.contributor.emailsebastianmontoya@itm.edu.co
dc.contributor.researchgroupIngenierías::Automática, Electrónica y Ciencias Computacionales
dc.date.accessioned2026-05-11T18:23:04Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractColorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with early detection playing a critical role in improving patient outcomes. This thesis develops a label-free microwave-based biosensor for detecting anti-p53 antibodies, a biomarker of early CRC. The biosensor employs a transduction mechanism in the microwave region based on stepped impedance resonators integrated into a microstrip line, enabling precise dielectric permittivity measurements and facilitating the detection of biomolecular interactions. The biosensor utilizes a 3,3′-Dithiodipropionic acid di(N-hydroxysuccinimide ester) (DTSP) self-assembled monolayer to covalently immobilize p53 proteins on the sensor surface, ensuring high specificity and sensitivity. Analytical evaluations revealed a linear working range from 0 to 1250 pg/mL and a detection limit of 315.29 pg/mL, making it clinically relevant for early CRC diagnosis. Cross-reactivity studies demonstrated the biosensor's exceptional specificity and selectivity, distinguishing anti-p53 antibodies from potential interferents such as cytokines, antibodies, and small molecules. The biosensor's performance was further validated against the gold-standard ELISA method, achieving a strong correlation with a 0.97 correlation coefficient. Recovery rates of 87.2 to 97.2% and relative standard deviations between 1.5 and 4.3% highlight the biosensor's accuracy and reproducibility. Likewise, stability assessments confirmed consistent performance over two weeks, with minimal variation, underscoring the robustness of the biosensing surface. This master thesis demonstrates that the proposed microwave-based biosensor is a robust, efficient, and cost-effective platform for detecting anti-p53 antibodies. It represents a significant advancement in biosensor technology, offering a practical and accessible solution for early cancer diagnostics and contributing to the broader field of biomedical sensing. The use of cost-effective copper-based materials, combined with the simplicity and scalability of the microwave technology, underscores the biosensor's potential for point-of-care applications. Its compact design, rapid detection capabilities, and compatibility with decentralized diagnostic systems make it a promising tool for improving CRC screening, particularly in resource-limited settings. Future work will focus on expanding the biosensor's applicability to additional biomarkers and refining its integration into clinical workflowseng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestría
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Automatización y Control Industrial
dc.description.researchareaIngenierías::Automática, Electrónica y Ciencias Computacionales::Visión Artificial y Fotónica
dc.description.tableofcontents1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 14 1.1 Motivation ....................................................................................................... 16 1.2 Objectives ....................................................................................................... 16 1.2.1 General Objective .......................................................................................... 16 1.2.2 Specific Objectives ........................................................................................ 17 2. Theorical Background ............................................................................................ 18 2.1.1 Development of Colorectal Cancer (CRC) ..................................................... 18 2.1.2 Biomarkers for CRC Detection ....................................................................... 20 2.1.3 Detection and Diagnosis Methods of CRC ..................................................... 23 2.2 Anti-p53 Antibodies as a Biomarker for CRC ............................................... 25 2.2.1 Anti-p53 Immunology and its Relation to the p53 Gene ................................. 25 2.2.2 Characteristics of the Anti-p53 Antibody as a Biomarker for CRC .................. 26 2.2.3 Quantification of the Anti-p53 Antibody and Its Clinical Importance ............... 27 3. Microwave Devices and Measurements ................................................................ 35 3.1 Microwave Methods for Material Characterization ....................................... 36 3.1.1 Design Approaches for Microwave Transducers ............................................ 41 3.2 Methods for Surface Biofunctionalization .................................................... 42 4. Sensor Development in the Microwave Region ................................................... 47 4.1 Operating Principle ........................................................................................ 47 4.2 Equivalent Circuit Model ................................................................................ 48 4.3 Design of the Microwave Transducer Region .............................................. 49 4.4 Transducer Fabrication .................................................................................. 51 4.5 Experimental Validation of the Proposed Transducer ................................. 52 5. Biosensor Functionalization .................................................................................. 55 5.1 Materials ......................................................................................................... 55 5.2 Sensor Preparation and Functionalization Protocol ........................................ 56 5.2.1 Optimization of the Microwave-Based Label-Free Biosensor ......................... 58 5.3 Optimal Time for the Detection of Anti-p53 Antibodies ............................... 63 5.4 Linear Working Range and Sensitivity ......................................................... 64 5.5 Specificity and Selectivity, Correlation with ELISA, and Time Stability ..... 67 5.5.1 Specificity and Selectivity ............................................................................... 67 5.5.2 Comparative Analysis Between ELISA and the Microwave-based Biosensor and practical application ........................................................................................... 68 5.5.3 Time Stability ................................................................................................. 69 5.5.4 Limit of detection (LOD) ................................................................................. 70 6. Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 71 7. References .............................................................................................................. 72
dc.format.extent87 páginas
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.citationMontoya Villada, S. (2025). Development of a microwave-based biosensor to detect anti-p53 antibodies as a biomarker for early detection of colorectal cancer [Trabajo de grado, Institución Universitaria ITM].
dc.identifier.instnameinstname:Institución Universitaria ITMspa
dc.identifier.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional Institución Universitaria ITMspa
dc.identifier.repourlrepourl:https://repositorio.itm.edu.cospa
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12622/8105
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherInstitución Universitaria ITM
dc.publisher.branchCampus Fraternidad
dc.publisher.departmentDepartamento de Electrónica y Telecomunicaciones::Maestría en Automatización y Control Industrial
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ingenierías
dc.publisher.grantorInstitución Universitaria ITM
dc.publisher.placeMedellín
dc.publisher.programMaestría en Automatización y Control Industrial
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dc.rights.creativecommonsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)
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dc.subject.ddc600 - Tecnología (Ciencias aplicadas)::607 - Educación, investigación, temas relacionados
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y salud::616 - Enfermedades
dc.subject.ocde2. Ingeniería y Tecnología::2K. Otras Ingenierías y Tecnologías::2K02. Otras ingenierías y tecnologías
dc.subject.odsODS 3: Salud y bienestar. Garantizar una vida sana y promover el bienestar de todos a todas las edades
dc.subject.proposalColorectal cancereng
dc.subject.proposalAnti-p53 antibodieseng
dc.subject.proposalMicrowave-based biosensoreng
dc.subject.proposalLabel-free detectioneng
dc.subject.proposalPoint-of-care diagnosticseng
dc.subject.proposalBiosensing
dc.subject.proposalEarly detection of cancer
dc.subject.proposalBiosensing Techniques
dc.titleDevelopment of a microwave-based biosensor to detect anti-p53 antibodies as a biomarker for early detection of colorectal cancer
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dspace.entity.typePublication

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Maestría en Automatización y Control Industrial